2023年3月31日，日本经济产业省宣布，将修改《外汇及对外贸易法》出口管制措施，加强对6大类23种高性能半导体制造设备的出口管制。中国贸促会、中国国际商会严正声明，对日方拟议措施表示坚决反对。 该拟议措施范围宽泛、政策规定不明确不透明，拟列管物项远远超出常规管制范畴，措施中包含大量广泛使用的民用物项，甚至包含了《瓦森纳协定》明确规定不在出口管制清单内的物项，远超国际机制和其他国家提出的列管范畴。值得注意的是，日方拟议措施准备列管针对的是半导体制造设备，其本身不可能转用于军事用途，其所生产的半导体产品最终用途一般也都是用于消费类电子产品，与军事无关。 日方以存在所谓妨碍维护国际安全与和平的风险为由，对中国半导体产业采取歧视性做法，严重违反国际规则。尽管日方表示该拟议措施不针对特定国家，但日方将对其所称42个友好国家或地区以外的中国和其他诸多国家采取逐案审批的许可程序和方式，实质上为这些国家设置了障碍，采取了歧视性措施，涉嫌违背世贸组织有关最惠国待遇原则和数量限制原则等义务。此外，该拟议措施在立法程序和规定措辞等方面也存在出台仓促、技术指标表述模糊不清等问题，明显忽视相关企业的意见，对企业在有关活动上的合规行为造成困难。 中国贸促会作为中国最大的贸易投资促进机构、中国国际商会作为中国会员数量最多、影响力最大的涉外商会组织，提倡并积极推动中日双方在半导体领域的经贸合作和科技交流，推动两国在半导体产业发展互利共赢。日方该拟议管制措施一旦生效实施，将对中日在半导体领域的经贸合作和科技交流产生重大不利影响，不仅会对中日双方市场主体的经济利益造成损失，也会破坏全球半导体产业供应链，减损产业整体的竞争和发展潜力。我们已向日方提交了评论意见，呼吁日本政府切实听取理性声音，审慎考虑本次修订中拟实施的管制措施，最终做出符合中日半导体产业共同利益的决定。Spokesperson of China Council for the Promotion of International Trade Made a Speech upon Japan's Proposing Revision of Export Control Measures for Semiconductor EquipmentMinistry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan stated that Japan will revise the export control measures under the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law to strengthen export control on 23 types of high-performance semiconductor manufacturing equipment in six categories on March 31, 2023. The China Council for the Promotion of International Trade and the China Chamber of International Commerce hereby solemnly declare against it and firmly oppose it.The scope of Japan's proposed revision is broad, whose provisions are quite unclear and opaque. Besides, the items thereof have already exceeded the usual controlling range, in which a lot of civilian-purpose items are included, even items shall not be controlled as explicitly provided in Wassenaar Arrangement, such scope has be far beyond the scope made by international norms and other countries. It is noticeable that Japan's proposed revision is targeting at semiconductor manufacturing equipment, which cannot be used for military purposes per se, while its products generally are used for consumer electronics, there is no military elements involved.Under the name of so-called “existence of risks of hindering the maintenance of international security and peace”, Japan is actually taking discriminatory measures against China's semiconductor industry, which obviously violates international rules. Although Japanese side claims that the proposed revision is not against any specific country, Japan will adopt a case-by-case approval licensing procedure and method except Japan’s 42 friendly countries/regions. China and other countries/regions who are not in the 42 names’ list will encounter obstacles of discriminatory measures set by Japan, which can be a violation of WTO obligations such as the most favored nation treatment principle and quantity restriction principle. Besides, the proposed revision bears some problems such as hasty introduction of legislative procedures, vagueness in expression of technical indicators, and so on; it also bears obvious neglect of the opinions of relevant enterprises, which shall cause difficulties for the compliance behavior of enterprises in related activities.China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, the largest trade and investment promotion organization in China, and the China Chamber of International Commerce, the organization with the largest number of members and the greatest influence in China, hereby advocate economic and trade cooperation and scientific and technological exchanges between China and Japan in the semiconductor field, so as to push forward win-win development in the semiconductor industry between the two countries. Japan's proposed revision once comes into effective, the economic and technological cooperation and exchanges in the semiconductor field between China and Japan shall be shadowed by significant adverse impact, which not only will lead to losses to the economic interests of entities in marketplace between China and Japan, but also will disrupt the global semiconductor industry supply chain, further reduce the overall potential of competition and development in the industry. We have submitted our opinion to the Japanese side, calling on reasonable opinion to be effectively heard by Japanese government, who shall consider the control measures in the proposed revision with discretion, and then make a decision that is in line with the common interests of the semiconductor industry between China and Japan.