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四大国际顶级事务所逐鹿浦东临港新地标 | 青建专访Snøhetta & 2Portzamparc

饭困 青年建筑 2019-11-15

2019年2月26日,上海浦东临港艺术中心启动暨国际方案征集签约仪式在滴水湖畔举行,开启了临港开发北岛的序幕。

滴水湖全景-王立青拍摄


    参加本次方案征集的四家国际顶级建筑事务所均在文化建筑领域有卓越实践经验:


Foster+Partners (英)

福斯特建筑设计事务所

Heatherwick Studio (英)

海德威克建筑工作室

2Portzamparc(法)

包赞巴克建筑设计事务所

Snøhetta(挪威)

斯诺赫特建筑设计事务所


 四家建筑事务所的主创人员分享了各自的设计理念和代表案例

并接受了 | 青年建筑 | 专访,


上篇给大家分享了来自英国的鬼才设计师Heatherwick Studio

青建专访 | 硬核!逐鹿浦东临港新地标的国际顶级事务所—Heatherwick篇


今天继续分享来自挪威的Snøhetta

&

来自法国的 2Portzamparc



02  Snøhetta

来自北欧的雪山

事务所

1989年成立于挪威奥斯陆,事务所名字来源于挪威中部一座山的名字,也是一座存在于北欧神话中的神山。

集合建筑师、室内设计师、科学工作者、社会学、行为学、哲学家在内的跨学科工作团队业务范围涵盖建筑、景观、室内与品牌标识设计。公司每年都会组织去攀登Snøhetta山脉,从山脉中汲取自然的力量。

Robert Greenwood先生

Snøhetta合伙人及设计总监,接受 |青年建筑| 采访




如何设计和看待城市中的标志性文化建筑


R:  "对于一些特定的重大体量的建筑,我们同时着眼于建筑设计及其周边的规划。这样,大型体量的项目就不仅限于建筑体自身,它成为该区域氛围的催化剂。临港艺术中心项目也同样身负重任,未来势必会带动周边的发展。"

R: In terms of some specific large-scale buildings, we focus on both architecture and masterplan. So the project not becoming just an opera house, it becomes a catalyst of a new city. I think it can also happen here, being the point and leading the area to develop.


事务所第一个项目即声名鹊起——1989年从全球1400位候选者中脱颖而出的埃及亚历山大图书馆,使得事务所从一开始就和文化建筑息息相关。

地中海边最重要的公共图书馆,营造了世界上最大的阅读空间


位于挪威奥斯陆峡湾的国家歌剧院,创造了一种社交形式。一座成功的剧院不仅包含观演空间,还包含为城市提供的互动场所,公民意识是这个建筑返还给社会最好的礼物,不需要购票进入剧院也能在室外集会,合唱,排演,散步。

歌剧院外一年四季人们的活动


如何理解你们的设计理念


R:“作为一家挪威公司,我们希望带来的是一种价值,一种对人,对社会,对生命的态度和看法。而不仅仅是简单的形成一种手法和风格。我们希望每一个项目都是独特的,经过全身心投入工作和探讨,针对当地的文脉,形成唯一的作品。”

R: We come from Nordic countries, what we try to promote is the value in terms of looking at people, looking at the society and life. We really do want to create a dialog around every project with different people in different context.


挪威Tverrfjellhytta野生驯鹿观景台,建筑概念来源于当地独特的生态、文化和神话背景,坚硬的外表和柔和的内在共同创造出遗世独立的空间,回应欧洲最后的驯鹿群栖身之地。


世界上第一家自发电酒店“Svart”,位于北极圈上方冰川脚下。底部架空结构减少对环境的干扰,仿若天外来客般悄然降落在湖面。


在中国做项目,与在其他国家,有什么不同


R:“每个国家,地区,都有特定的语汇,文脉,工作方式。中国发展的很快,而且对于国际上的新技术,新文化,新理念都以一种十分开放和包容的心态来接纳。我们的代表作之一挪威奥斯陆歌剧院在立项初期就备受争议,传统意义上歌剧艺术属于权贵阶层所享,这与公民均等意识强烈的北欧社会背道而驰。但我们通过建筑设计的方式最大化的让人民参与到奥斯陆歌剧院的公共空间中,这是整个项目最重要的意义之一。随着全球化的不断发展,世界各国的技术和文化都不断的交流,融合,影响,我们不只是外来文化对中国的输出,我们其实都是在互相学习和交流。”

R: I think all places, all culture has its own ways of working, talking and producing. To build a project in China is very exciting at this point of time. The development of the society is very fast and people are willing to open their mind for the new technology, culture and ideas from outside. To build a new opera house in Norway is controversial, how to bring opera to everybody instead of the privileges is crucial for the country. Architecturally, we maximize the public engagement with the space, which is one of the most important achievements of the project. Basically, the world is getting smaller and smaller as one family when technology and culture exchange, affect and communicate between each other. We are not from outside to export our culture to China, while we are actually learning and communicating.

旧金山当代艺术博物馆


如何参与到中国的语境和文化中


R:“来中国做项目,我们是外人, 不过我们不认为这是我们的劣势。我们从挪威远道而来,输出了从旁观者的角度对于中国文化的认识,会以更谦逊,尊重的态度来面对待中国的文化和精神。我们不会直接引入我们的语境,文化和风格,而是会认真的去了解这个项目的使用者的需求,并为每个项目注入它的创新性和独特性。旁观者也许也是一种优势,就像中国古语,“不知庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中”。我们那里也有说法,“太近就会只见树木,不见森林”。”

R: We come from outside, but we don’t think it is a disadvantage. Coming from Norway is a good start, which is on the edge of the world. We export an unique view of the culture and integrate it into the culture and spirit of China more responsively and more modestly. We don’t bring with us our dialog, culture and style, we will create a dialog around the project, we want to learn and understand, to create an unique and particular way of this project. Coming from outside may be is OK, it avoids the situation of “Can’t overview the mountain because you are inside of it” as what Chinese says, or “Misread the forest by seeing the trees” as Norwegian says.



如果把临港艺术中心比喻成初生儿,对他未来的期许


R:"首先是“灵活性”。因为在项目的全生命周期中,项目会不时的有变化。其次希望它是“充满活力的”。我们希望项目的最初理念,在未来也能继续实现。 最后一点,希望它是“独具身份性的”,无论是现在,还是30年后,经过岁月的洗礼,仍然是耐看的,优雅的,历久弥新的。"

R: I think this project needs to be “Flexible”, because the building will change during its life time. It needs to be “Robust”, the concept we have originally will still be useful in the future. It is interesting that the building will get old, no matter now or 30 years later, it should last for generations. We also hope this building should be “Dignity”, it is elegant and everlasting.


对青年建筑的寄语


R:"要保持勇敢。要目标明确,并且坚定的走下去。"

R: Be brave and follow your heart, stay relevant, and at the same time focus on the same quality.




03  2Portzamparc

载誉普利兹克奖的事务所

克里斯蒂安·德·包赞巴克,普利兹克奖获得者、主创建筑师 

伊丽莎白·德·包赞巴克,主创建筑师


事务所由克里斯蒂安 · 德 · 包赞巴克和伊丽莎白 · 德 · 包赞巴克的团队共同组成,一个包括建筑师,社会学家,人类学家在内的多专业设计团队,致力于国际上最具有挑战的大型项目设计,从单体建筑到城市设计皆拥有丰富经验。

卢森堡爱乐厅

法国 尼姆 古罗马博古馆


Gianni Modolo先生,2Portzamparc项目负责人,接受 |青年建筑| 采访



在一个完全新建的新区环境里如何体现文化性?


G:"虽然目前基地和城市联系比较弱,是一个新建区域,但是基地周边如此开阔的湖面是一直存在的,也是一种文化形式。另外我们希望通过我们的设计把人引入到基地,建立新的联系,给街区带来更多的活力,这是每个项目最根本的基石。比如我们在上海的张江科技会堂项目,也是在城市新区,我们力图用项目把城市的活力引进来并散发出去,这也是一种城市文化体现。"

G: The site is a new-built area and currently has a weak connection with the city. However, it could be seen as a cultural element that the lake has always existed as a context. Additionally, we hope that people would be attracted to the site through our design, which will build new connections and bring more vitality to the neighbourhoods. These are the most fundamental cornerstones of every project. For example, in our Zhangjiang Science and Technology Hall project in Shanghai, which is also located in a New Town area, we have put a lot of efforts into introducing urban vibrancy and spreading it out afterwards. This also demonstrates urban culture.

上海张江科学会堂


在中国做项目和其他地区国家最大的区别是什么


G:"在中国做项目时间是非常短的,思考的时间,建造的时间都很短,我们在向我们的中国业主学习怎么在有限的时间内保证项目建成的质量。我们很幸运碰到的业主都比较擅长倾听,在关键的时候也会给与我们更多的时间去打磨尚不成熟的想法。"

G: The time for doing projects in China is quite limited, including the time for thinking, as well as the time for carrying out constructions. We are also learning from our Chinese clients about how to guarantee the project construction quality within such a short schedule. I think we are lucky because all the clients we’ve met were quite willing to listen. They gave us more time to polish our immature ideas at those crucial moments. 

苏州湾文博中心 


如果把临港艺术中心比喻成初生儿,对他未来的期许


G:"我是两个孩子的父亲,从小孩的成长你能明白他并不属于你,他们会形成自己的人格,这和我们做项目是一样的,项目建成之后随着时间的推移环境的变化会不断调整自己的性格,所以我们希望临港艺术中心不是一成不变的,是能适应环境一起面向未来的。"

G:I am a father of two kids. From their growth you will learn that they do not belong to you, and that they will form their own personalities. This is quite similar to the process of doing projects. Once being constructed, projects will keep adjusting their own characters in accordance with the change over time and in the environment. Therefore, rather than being stubborn, we hope that Lingang Art Centre will adapt to the context and embrace the future.




“ 对青年建筑师的寄语 


G:"现在世界变化很快,对于青年建筑师来说要学会提问 ,世界为什么会这么变。我们的事务所是多学科融合的,包括社会学家等,一起帮助我们分析世界变化最本质的原因,年青建筑师应该针对这种变化不断的调整自己的定位和看世界的视角。"

G: Our world is changing rapidly. For young architects, you should learn to ask questions, questions about the reason for this rapid changing world. Our studio is a multi-disciplinary integrated institution. For instance, it consists of specialists including even sociologists. They help us analyse the most essential reasons of the changes in our society. Young architects should constantly adjust their position and points of view for this ever-lasting alternation in our society.



 相信看完他们的作品及采访,大家会对临港艺术中心的未来充满期待!




采访:那小海 / 饭困

编辑:那小海 / 饭困

校审: 龚成



· END · 

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