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Review


Prospects of utilization of inter-subspecific heterosis between indica and japonica rice

水稻籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用前景

 ZHANG Gui-quan世界广泛种植的亚洲栽培稻被分为籼稻和粳稻两个亚种。众所周知,亚种间的杂种优势通常强于亚种内的杂种优势。自20世纪70年代以来,籼型杂交稻作为一种亚种内杂交稻在我国乃至世界范围内得到了广泛的应用。但籼粳亚种间杂交稻仍然不能被利用,其主要障碍是籼粳亚种间杂种普遍存在不育性。近几十年来,人们对籼粳亚种间杂种不育性的遗传和分子基础的认识越来越清楚。在此基础上,提出了克服籼粳亚种间杂种不育的育种途径,并应用于籼粳杂交稻的研制中。本文对这些进展做一概述,探讨克服籼粳亚种间杂种不育性的育种途径,以其促进籼粳亚种间杂交稻的发展。↑ 向上滑动查看更多


Cite this article:   
ZHANG Gui-quan. 2020. Prospects of utilization of inter-subspecific heterosis between indica and japonica rice. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(1): 1-10.



Insights into African swine fever virus immunoevasion strategies

非洲猪瘟病毒免疫逃逸机制研究进展

✺ WANG Jun, SHI xin-jin, SUN Hai-wei, CHEN Hong-jun非洲猪瘟(African swine fever, ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus, ASFV)感染家猪和野猪引起的一种烈性、高度传染性和出血性疾病,死亡率可达100%。ASF对全球养殖业造成巨大经济损失和威胁。然而,目前尚无有效的疫苗和药物防控ASF。ASFV针对宿主防御系统的免疫逃逸是病毒建立持续感染和致病的重要策略。本文总结了ASFV免疫逃逸蛋白和宿主细胞相互作用及拮抗宿主防御系统的的机制。ASFV编码多种蛋白逃逸宿主防御,包括:调控细胞凋亡、抑制炎症反应、拮抗干扰素的产生和功能发挥、抑制细胞自噬和抑制MHC-Ⅰ类分子的细胞膜表达等。其中,A179L是ASFV编码的Bcl-2同源蛋白,不仅能和BH3-only蛋白互作,抑制细胞凋亡,也能与内质网定位的Beclin-1互作,抑制细胞自噬;A224L和凋亡抑制蛋白(inhibitor of apoptosis protein, IAP)同源,能够抑制Caspase-3的活性和NF-κB的激活,进而抑制细胞凋亡;EP153R是C-型凝集素同源蛋白,不仅能通过降低p53的活性抑制细胞凋亡,也能通过其凝集素结构域和MHC-Ⅰ类分子互作抑制MHC-Ⅰ类分子分泌和细胞膜定位;DP71L不仅能招募蛋白磷酸酶1对eIF2α去磷酸化从而恢复蛋白质的大量合成,也能通过抑制CHOP的表达抑制细胞凋亡;而E183L/p54则能通过和DCL8互作,从微管上置换下Bim-3,进而促进凋亡的发生;ASFV编码IκB样分子A238L能抑制NF-κB的活化,进而抑制下游促炎性因子的表达,并且能够抑制钙调磷酸酶的活性和NF-AT信号通路;L83L则能直接和IL-1β互作抑制其活性。ASFV还编码多种蛋白抑制干扰素(IFN)的产生和功能。MGF360和MGF505/530是重要的ASFV感染哺乳动物和软蜱的宿主决定因子和毒力基因,能够强烈地抑制干扰素的产生。其中,属于MGF505/530家族的A528R不仅能抑制干扰素的产生,还能阻断JAK-STAT信号通路抑制干扰素的功能发挥。而属于MGF360家族的A276R则只能抑制干扰素的产生,不能拮抗JAK-STAT信号通路,但其具体机制不详。I329L与TLR3同源,通过靶向TRIF接头分子抑制下游的IRF3和NF-κB的激活,进而抑制干扰素的产生。ASFV编码的毒力因子UK(DP96R)能够拮抗cGAS-STING信号通路,从而抑制干扰素的产生。对ASFV免疫逃逸机制的认识将为后续减毒活疫苗的研发和ASF防控奠定基础。

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Cite this article:   
WANG Jun, SHI xin-jin, SUN Hai-wei, CHEN Hong-jun. 2020. Insights into African swine fever virus immunoevasion strategies. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(1): 11-22.


Crop Science


Genetic and agronomic traits stability of marker-free transgenic wheat plants generated from Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation in T2 and T3 generations

无筛选标记转基因小麦植株T2T3代遗传和农艺性状稳定性分析

 LIU Hui-yun, WANG Ke, WANG Jing, DU Li-pu, PEI Xin-wu, YE Xing-guo

目前为止,转基因小麦还未获准商业化种植。原因之一是大部分转基因小麦植株中含有筛选标记基因,存在环境安全性和食用安全性隐患。因此,获得无筛选标记转基因小麦植株将促进转基因小麦的安全性评价和环境释放。在之前的研究中,我们通过农杆菌介导的共转化法将含有2段T-DNA区的植物表达载体成功转入了小麦,获得了只含有目标基因GUS而不含bar基因的无筛选标记转基因植株。本研究通过荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)对T1代无筛选标记转基因植株进行了鉴定,并对它们在T2和T3代的遗传和农艺性状稳定性进行了分析。FISH检测结果发现,外源基因在不同类型T1代转基因植株染色体上的整合方式清晰可见,且倾向于整合在远离着丝粒的染色体区域;PCR、组织化学染色和试纸条检测结果表明,外源基因GUS在无筛选标记转基因植株T1代至T3代稳定遗传,并且在这些植株中均没有检测到bar筛选标记基因。通过对T3代转基因植株的农艺性状进行统计分析,发现除个别株系的穗长和穗粒数与对照相比有显著性或者极显著性差异外,其他农艺性状与对照相比均没有明显差异。本研究为农杆菌介导共转化法获得的无筛选标记转基因小麦植株的生物安全性评价奠定了基础。对转基因小麦商业化进程具有促进作用。

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Cite this article:   
LIU Hui-yun, WANG Ke, WANG Jing, DU Li-pu, PEI Xin-wu, YE Xing-guo. 2020. Genetic and agronomic traits stability of marker-free transgenic wheat plants generated from Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation in T2 and Tgenerations. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(1): 23-32.




Biotic and abiotic stress-responsive genes are stimulated to resist drought stress in purple wheat 

紫粒小麦中生物及非生物胁迫响应基因受刺激以抵抗干旱胁迫

 LI Xiao-lan, LÜ Xiang, WANG Xiao-hong, PENG Qin, ZHANG Ming-sheng, REN Ming-jian 贵紫麦1号(Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1)是一种耐旱的紫粒小麦。目前,尚不清楚紫粒小麦的抗旱机制,但这可能与其花青素的生物合成有关。本研究比较了干旱处理和空白对照样品间的转录组数据。结果显示:干旱胁迫使贵紫麦1号籽粒的花青素、蛋白质和淀粉含量轻微降低,但使籽粒重量显著降低;相比对照,干旱胁迫使样品减少了16682个转录本,并产生了27766个差异表达基因,其中379个差异表达基因(包括DREBs)与防御响应相关,涉及响应缺水、活性氧、细菌、真菌等胁迫;干旱胁迫下,花青素生物合成中的大多数结构和调控基因下调,仅TaDFRTaOMTTa5,3GTTaMYB-4B1上调,且TaCHSTaF3HTaCHITa4CLTaF3'H参与UV、激素和胁迫响应;此外,TaCHS-2D1、TaDFR-2D2、TaDFR-7D、TaOMT-5A、Ta5,3GT-1B1、Ta5,3GT-3A和Ta5,3GT-7B1使花青素生物合成与其他代谢途径相连,与其互作的蛋白参与初生代谢、遗传调控、生长发育和防御响应,这将有助于进一步推测紫粒小麦防御响应网络。这些结果表明,贵紫麦1号的生物和非生物胁迫响应相关基因受刺激以抵御干旱胁迫,其花青素生物合成也通过几个结构基因参与干旱防御响应。↑ 向上滑动查看更多


Cite this article:   
LI Xiao-lan, LÜ Xiang, WANG Xiao-hong, PENG Qin, ZHANG Ming-sheng, REN Ming-jian. 2020. Biotic and abiotic stress-responsive genes are stimulated to resist drought stress in purple wheat. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(1): 33-50.




Precision phenotyping of contrasting potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties in a novel aeroponics system for improving nitrogen use efficiency: In search of key traits and genes

 Jagesh K. TIWARI, Sapna DEVI, Tanuja BUCKSETH, Nilofer ALI, Rajesh K. SINGH, Rasna ZINTA, Vijay K. DUA, Swarup K. CHAKRABARTI 

With increasing population, degrading soil health, limited arable land area, and high cost of nitrogen (N) fertilizers, improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of potato is an inevitable approach to save the environment and achieve sufficient tuber yields with less N fertilizer supply. Recently, we have developed an aeroponics system to study NUE in potato using genomics, physiology, and breeding approaches. This study aims on precision phenotyping of plants of two distinct potato varieties (Kufri Gaurav, N efficient; Kufri Jyoti, N inefficient) in the novel aeroponics system. Plants were grown in aeroponics under controlled conditions with low N (0.75 mmol L–1 NO3) and high N (7.5 mmol L–1 NO3) levels. Plant biomass, root traits, total chlorophyll content, and plant N were increased with increasing N supply, whereas higher NUE parameters namely NUE, agronomic NUE (AgNUE), N uptake efficiency (NUpE), harvest index (HI), and N harvest index (NHI) were observed at low N. An NUE efficient cv. Kufri Gaurav showed higher tuber dry weight, fresh tuber yield, tuber number per plant, early start of tuber harvesting, root traits, stolon traits, NUE parameters, and higher amino acid (aspartic acid and asparagine) content at low N supply. Higher expression of nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NIR), and asparagine synthetase (AS) genes was observed in the leaf tissues of Kufri Gaurav at high N. Thus, aeroponics-based precision phenotyping enables identification of NUE efficient genotypes based on key traits and genes involved in improving NUE in potato. Further, this study suggests that the potential of aeroponics can be utilized to investigate N biology in potato under different N regimes.↑ 向上滑动查看更多


Cite this article:   
Jagesh K. TIWARI, Sapna DEVI, Tanuja BUCKSETH, Nilofer ALI, Rajesh K. SINGH, Rasna ZINTA, Vijay K. DUA, Swarup K. CHAKRABARTI. 2020. Precision phenotyping of contrasting potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties in a novel aeroponics system for improving nitrogen use efficiency: In search of key traits and genes. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(1): 51-62.



Effects of uniconazole with or without micronutrient on the lignin biosynthesis, lodging resistance, and winter wheat production in semiarid regions Irshad AHMAD, MENG Xiang-ping, Muhammad KAMRAN, Shahzad ALI, Shakeel AHMAD, LIU Tie-ning, CAI Tie, HAN Qing-fangLodging stress results in grain yield and quality reduction in wheat. Uniconazole, a potential plant growth regulator significantly enhances lignin biosynthesis and thus provides mechanical strength to plants in order to cope with lodging stress. A field study was conducted during the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 growing seasons, to investigate the effects of uniconazole sole application or with micronutrient on the lignin biosynthesis, lodging resistance, and production of winter wheat.  In the first experiment, uniconazole at concentrations of 0 (CK), 15 (US1), 30 (US2), and 45 (US3) mg L–1 was applied as sole seed soaking, while in the second experiment with manganese (Mn) at concentration of 0.06 g L–1 Mn, 0.06 g L–1 Mn+15 mg L–1 uniconazole (UMS1), 0.06 g L–1 Mn+30 mg L–1 uniconazole (UMS2), and 0.06 g L–1 Mn+45 mg L–1 uniconazole (UMS3), respectively. Uniconazole sole application or with micronutrient significantly increased the lignin content by improving the lignin-related enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, tyrosine ammonia-lyase, and peroxidase, ameliorating basal internode characteristics, and breaking strength. The spike length, spike diameter, spikes/plant, weight/spike, yield/spike, and grain yield increased and then decreased with uniconazole application at a higher concentration, where their maximum values were recorded with UMS2 and US2 treatments.The lignin accumulation was positively correlated with lignin-related enzyme activities and breaking strength while, negatively correlated with lodging rate. Uniconazole significantly improved the lignin biosynthesis, lodging resistance, and grain yield of winter wheat and the treatments which showed the greatest effects were uniconazole seed soaking with micronutrient at a concentration of 30 mg L–1and 0.06 g L–1, and uniconazole sole seed soaking at a concentration of 30 mg L–1.

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Cite this article:   
Irshad AHMAD, MENG Xiang-ping, Muhammad KAMRAN, Shahzad ALI, Shakeel AHMAD, LIU Tie-ning, CAI Tie, HAN Qing-fang. 2020. Effects of uniconazole with or without micronutrient on the lignin biosynthesis, lodging resistance, and winter wheat production in semiarid regions. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(1): 62-77.



Weakened carbon and nitrogen metabolisms under post-silking heat stress reduce the yield and dry matter accumulation in waxy maize

花后高温胁迫通过减弱碳氮代谢降低糯玉米籽粒产量和物质积累

 YANG Huan, GU Xiao-tian, DING Meng-qiu, LU Wei-ping, LU Da-lei

花后高温是影响南方糯玉米生长的一个关键非生物因子。2016-2017年通过盆钵试验研究了花后日间高温胁迫(35℃)对叶片碳氮代谢相关酶活性和活性氧含量与叶片含水量的影响,研究结果可增加对物质积累转运与籽粒产量形成的认识。结果表明,花后高温胁迫减少每穗粒数,降低籽粒重量,进而导致产量损失,2016和2017年产量分别降低了20.8%和20.0%。高温胁迫降低了花后干物质积累量(2016和2017年分别降低了16.1%和29.5%),促进了花前营养器官中物质积累量特别是叶片中光合产物的转运。高温胁迫下较低的叶片含水量和叶绿素SPAD值及较高的活性氧含量(H2O2和O2-)表明衰老加快。高温胁迫下较低的磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPCase)、核酮糖1,5-二磷酸羧化酶(RuBPCase)、硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性表明植株碳氮代谢受抑。相关分析结果表明,高温胁迫下叶片含水量下降,NR活性降低和H2O2含量增加是降低籽粒产量的重要因素。较高的粒重和花后干物质积累量及较少的叶片转运量主要是因为叶片有较高的SPAD值和NR活性。PEPCase和RuBPCase活性对干物质积累转运及籽粒产量无显著影响。总体上,花后高温胁迫下叶片NR和GS活性降低,叶片失水速率加快,活性氧过量产生,花前物质转运受促,但花后直接光合产物积累显著降低,导致籽粒产量损失。

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Cite this article:   
YANG Huan, GU Xiao-tian, DING Meng-qiu, LU Wei-ping, LU Da-lei. 2020. Weakened carbon and nitrogen metabolisms under post-silking heat stress reduce the yield and dry matter accumulation in waxy maize. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(1): 78-88.




Physiological traits and anatomic structures of the seed for two short cotton season genotypes (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under water stress✺ Maryam KOLAHI, Elham FAGHANI, Andrea GOLDSON-BARNABY, Borhan SOHRABI

Post-silking high temperature is one of the abiotic factors that affects waxy maize (Zea mays L. sinensis Kulesh) growth in southern China. We conducted a pot trial in 2016–2017 to study the effects of post-silking daytime heat stress (35°C) on the activities of enzymes involved in leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolisms and leaf reactive oxygen species (ROS) and water contents. This study could improve our understanding on dry matter accumulation and translocation and grain yield production. Results indicated that decreased grain number and weight under heat stress led to yield loss, which decreased by 20.8 and 20.0% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. High temperature reduced post-silking dry matter accumulation (16.1 and 29.5% in 2016 and 2017, respectively) and promoted translocation of pre-silking photoassimilates stored in vegetative organs, especially in leaf.  The lower leaf water content and chlorophyll SPAD value, and higher ROS (H2O2 and O2-·) content under heat stress conditions indicated accelerated senescent rate. The weak activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase), Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase), nitrate reductase (NR), and glutamine synthase (GS) indicated that leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolisms were suppressed when the plants suffered from a high temperature during grain filling. Correlation analysis results indicated that the reduced grain yield was mainly caused by the decreased leaf water content, weakened NR activity, and increased H2O2 content. The increased accumulation of grain weight and post-silking dry matter and the reduced translocation amount in leaf was mainly due to the increased chlorophyll SPAD value and NR activity. Reduced PEPCase and RuBPCase activities did not affect dry matter accumulation and translocation and grain yield.  In conclusion, post-silking heat stress down-regulated the leaf NR and GS activities, increased the leaf water loss rate, increased ROS generation, and induced pre-silking carbohydrate translocation.

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Cite this article:   
Maryam KOLAHI, Elham FAGHANI, Andrea GOLDSON-BARNABY, Borhan SOHRAB. 2020. Physiological traits and anatomic structures of the seed for two short cotton season genotypes (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under water stress. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(1): 89-98.



Evaluation of drought indices to identify tolerant genotypes in common bean bush (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Alefsi David SÁNCHEZ-REINOSO, Gustavo Adolfo LIGARRETO-MORENO, Hermann RESTREPO-DÍAZ

Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses often causing negative impacts on bean crops in the Andean region in Colombia. An experiment under the greenhouse conditions was carried out to assess the effect of a prolonged drought period (15 days) at two different phenological stages (vegetative or reproductive) on grain yield and yield components of five bush bean cultivars (ICA-Cerinza, Bachue, NUA35, Bianca, and Bacatá). Nine tolerance indices including stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance (TOL), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI), yield stability index (YSI), yield index (YI), Harmonic mean (HM), and drought sensitivity index (DSI) were calculated based on grain yield under non-stressed (YP) and drought (YS) conditions. Based on the different drought indices, genotypes ICA-Cerinza and NUA35 had the best performance under drought conditions in both studied phases, which reflected in a reduction of grain yield ~≤40%. The biplot analysis also showed a clear superiority of these two genotypes at both phenological stages.Results also showed that SSI was more effective to identify genotypes less affected by drought. The above results allowed us to conclude that ICA-Cerinza and NUA35 may be considered for agricultural areas where long periods of water deficit are expected and can be used in breeding programs for drought tolerance.

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Cite this article:   
Alefsi David SáNCHEZ-REINOSO, Gustavo Adolfo LIGARRETO-MORENO, Hermann RESTREPO-DíAZ. 2020. Evaluation of drought indices to identify tolerant genotypes in common bean bush (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(1): 99-107.



Effects of different LEDs light spectrum on the growth, leaf anatomy, and chloroplast ultrastructure of potato plantlets in vitro and minituber production after transplanting in the greenhouse

不同LEDs光谱对马铃薯组培苗生长,叶片结构和叶绿体超微结构及其温室移栽后微型薯生产的影响

 CHEN Li-li, ZHANG Kai, GONG Xiao-chen, WANG Hao ying, GAO You-hui, WANG Xi-quan, ZENG Zhao-hai, HU Yue-gao

照明光谱对调控马铃薯组培苗的生长发育具有重要作用。马铃薯组培苗在其组培过程结束时的状态会影响到移栽后微型薯的生产情况。为了探究不同LEDs光谱对马铃薯组培苗生长和叶片超微结构以及温室移栽2个月后微型薯结薯产量的影响,本试验采用100%红色LEDs光谱(RR)、100%蓝色LEDs光谱(BB)、65%红色+35%蓝色LEDs组合光谱(RB),45%红色+35%蓝色+20%绿色LEDs组合光谱(RBG)作处理,以100%白色荧光灯光谱作对照(CK),光合有效辐射强度均为100 μmol/m2/s 提供照明光源进行为期4周的马铃薯组培苗培养。与CK相比,RB和RBG处理通过增加茎粗、株鲜重、株干重和健康指数促进马铃薯组培苗生长。BB处理下的马铃薯组培苗表现出最大茎粗和最高的健康指数。BB处理也显著提高了马铃薯组培苗的根系活力、可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸含量;RR处理则提高了马铃薯组培苗的碳水化合物含量。此外,在BB和RBG处理下叶片、栅栏组织、海绵组织厚度显著增加;叶绿体基粒类囊体和基质类囊体发育完好。出乎意料的是,RR处理下叶片表皮厚度最大,表皮组织、栅栏组织、海绵组织细胞排列紧密有规则。温室移栽2个月后,组培苗时期来自BB、RB和RBG处理的植株所结微型薯的大薯率最高。BB处理提高了最大微型薯的干鲜重,但是降低了单株结薯数目。此外,RBG处理增加了单株结薯数目,同时薯块的干、鲜重也略有增加。我们的试验结果表明单色蓝光LEDs光谱、红蓝组合光谱和红蓝绿组合光谱在马铃薯组培苗培养中均优于白色荧光灯光谱。因此,RBG处理适宜应用于马铃薯组培苗生产;BB和RB亦可作为替代光谱。

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Cite this article:   
CHEN Li-li, ZHANG Kai, GONG Xiao-chen, WANG Hao-ying, GAO You-hui, WANG Xi-quan, ZENG Zhao-hai, HU Yue-gao. 2020. Effects of different LEDs light spectrum on the growth, leaf anatomy, and chloroplast ultrastructure of potato plantlets in vitro and minituber production after transplanting in the greenhouse. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(1): 108-119. 


Horticulture 


Domestication and breeding changed tomato fruit transcriptome

驯化和育种改变了番茄转录组

✺ LIU Dan, YANG Liang, ZHANG Jin-zhe, ZHU Guang-tao, LÜ Hong-jun, LÜ Ya-qing, WANG Yan-ling, CAO Xue, SUN Tian-shu, HUANG San-wen, WU Yao-yao 番茄 (Solanum lycopersicum) 的抗性和果实总可溶性固形物(TSS)含量在驯化和育种过程中发生了显着变化,转录组在这个过程中发挥了关键作用。然而,仅基于单一番茄参考基因组,阻碍了从群体水平解析驯化育种过程中的转录组变异。我们利用399个番茄种质的RNA测序(RNA-seq)数据构建了番茄橙果期果实的泛转录组,鉴定出参考基因组上缺失的7,181个基因,其中包含6,122个驯化育种过程中获得/丢失表达的基因,如晚疫抗性基因PIM_DN29746_c0_g3_i1和过氧化物酶P7基因PIM_DN30274_c0_g2_i1在驯化过程中丢失表达。另外,我们鉴定出3,629个番茄驯化育种过程中的差异表达基因(DEGs),其中19个基因与现代栽培番茄果实中TSS含量降低有关,包括LIN5,TIV1和7个糖转运蛋白基因。研究表明,驯化和育种极大地改变了番茄转录组,从而改变了番茄果实TSS含量以及对非生物、生物胁迫的抗性。

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Cite this article:   
LIU Dan, YANG Liang, ZHANG Jin-zhe, ZHU Guang-tao, LÜ Hong-jun, LÜ Ya-qing, WANG Yan-ling, CAO Xue, SUN Tian-shu, HUANG San-wen, WU Yao-yao. 2020. Domestication and breeding changed tomato fruit transcriptome. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(1): 120-132.


Selenium distribution and nitrate metabolism in hydroponic lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.): Effects of selenium forms and light spectra 

外源硒与光谱对水培生菜硒元素积累与转运和硝酸盐代谢的影响

✺ BIAN Zhong-hua, LEI Bo, CHENG Rui-feng, WANG Yu, LI Tao, YANG Qi-chang

饮食中缺乏硒元素是世界范围内普遍存在的问题。通过食用富硒蔬菜是解决人体系缺乏问题有效且安全的一种途径。然而绝大多数蔬菜在生长过程极易积累大量,严重威胁人体健康。光是影矿质元素吸收和转运以及硝酸盐代谢的重要环境因子。但是外源硒种类与光环境,特别是光质对硒元素吸收,积累和转运及硝酸盐代谢的影响缺乏深入研究。在这项研究中,用外源硒酸盐(10 μM)和亚硒酸(0.5 μM)处理生菜(Lactuca sativa L.), 研究五种不同的光谱下生长:荧光灯(FL),单色红色LED灯(R),单色蓝色LED(B)以及红蓝比分别为4(R/B=4),8(R/B=8)和12(R/B= 12)对生菜的生长,光合性能,硒的积累和硝酸盐的还原的影响。研究结果显示:光质和硒形态与植物生长,叶片硒的积累和硝酸盐的还原具有显著的交互作用。叶片中的硒浓度和硝酸盐含量与光源的红光光质比例呈负相关。与亚硒酸盐相比,外源硒酸盐过促进硝酸盐还原酶和谷氨酸合酶的活性显著降低硝酸盐积累。在外源硒酸和亚硒酸盐处理下,R/B=8处理硝酸盐含量最低,植株生物量最高。光谱对根系硒浓度因子和转运因子的显着影响是导致根和叶中硒浓度差异的主要原因。与FL相比,单色红色和蓝色LED导致叶面硒浓度显着降低。这项研究的结果表明,光谱可以促进硒的分布和积累,是生产高品质蔬菜一种有效的途径。

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Cite this article:   
BIAN Zhong-hua, LEI Bo, CHENG Rui-feng, WANG Yu, LI Tao, YANG Qi-chang. 2020. Selenium distribution and nitrate metabolism in hydroponic lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.): Effects of selenium forms and light spectra. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(1): 133-144.

Plant Protection


Screening of antagonistic Trichoderma strains and their application for controlling stalk rot in maize

玉米茎腐病拮抗木霉菌株的筛选及应用

✺ LU Zhi-xiang, TU Guang-ping, ZHANG Ting, LI Ya-qian, WANG Xin-hua, Zhang Quan-guo, SONG Wei, CHEN Jie在我国,玉米是一种重要的粮食作物。玉米茎腐病是一种在全国范围内普遍存在的病害,目前,已成为威胁我国玉米安全生产的主要病害。为了寻找一些可行的且对环境友好防治技术,本研究筛选了一批木霉菌作为生物防治的菌种。本研究采用对峙培养法,筛选出48株对和谷镰刀菌和轮枝镰刀菌具有显著抑制作用的菌株。其中菌株(DLY31、SG3403 DLY1303和GDFS1009)在对峙培养试验中的抑菌率超过70%,在盆栽试验中对病原菌的防效在65%以上,对玉米幼苗主根促进生长率超过50%。以棘孢木霉GDSF1009为核心菌株,研究了其制成的颗粒剂对玉米茎腐病的防治效果和对玉米生长促进作用。盆栽试验表明,颗粒剂用量在2-3 g/盆时,对玉米幼苗茎腐病防治效果最佳,且对玉米幼苗促生效果最好。田间试验表明,颗粒剂用量在8-10 g/穴时,对玉米茎腐病的防治效果可达65%以上,且玉米产量增2-11%。在玉米茎腐病防治技术示范实践中,在自然发病情况下,颗粒剂的用量在75kg/公顷时为防病与促生的合适用量,此时对玉米茎腐病防治效果为27.23%-48.84%,增产效果可达到11.7%。综上所述,棘孢木霉GDSF1009颗粒剂防治玉米茎腐病的技术是一种具有应用前景的生物防治技术。

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Cite this article:   
LU Zhi-xiang, TU Guang-ping, ZHANG Ting, LI Ya-qian, WANG Xin-hua, Zhang Quan-guo, SONG Wei, CHEN Jie. 2020. Screening of antagonistic Trichoderma strains and their application for controlling stalk rot in maize . Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(1): 145-152.



Mapping subgenomic promoter of coat protein gene of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus

黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒外壳蛋白亚基因组启动子的鉴定

 LIU Mei, LIU Li-ming, WU Hui-jie, KANG Bao-shan, GU Qin-sheng

【背景】许多植物病毒利用植物亚基因组RNA作为基因表达的策略,因此,鉴定亚基因组启动子(subgenomic promoter , SGP)对于构建病毒载体来说是极其重要的。黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus ,CGMMV)是烟草花叶病毒属(Tobamovirus)中主要侵染葫芦科作物的一种检疫性病害,它的外壳蛋白(coat protein, CP)由与病毒基因组3’共末端的亚基因组RNAs表达。虽然基于CGMMV的病毒载体已经被构建,但是CP的SGP还没有被鉴定。以前通过RACE有鉴定CP起始密码子前有13个核苷酸 ,我们将此作为CP的转录起始位点(TSS)。【目的】为了表征CGMMV CP亚基因组启动子序列,【方法】我们通过构建一系列缺失突变体并结合生物信息学手段进行分析鉴定。【结果】通过对CGMMV 部分运动蛋白(movement protein, MP)及CP的序列进行RNA二级结构的预测,在CGMMV转录起始位点(TSS)-110到+175区域可形成一个长茎环结构。基于RNA二级结构预测的结果,我们进一步构建了一系列突变体。转录起始位点上游通过缺失部分MP基因序列分析CP的转录水平,发现缺失位点位于-105处CP的转录活性明显增强。转录起始位点下游通过构建一系列CGMMV部分CP缺失与增强型绿色荧光蛋白(Enhanced green fluorescent protein , EGFP) 的重组载体分析EGFP的相对表达量,得到在转录水平+71与+91之间的序列对EGFP的表达起关键作用,然而CP转录起始位点下游保留160个核苷酸时,EGFP表现出最高的表达水平。为了进一步对所鉴定的影响启动子活性的序列进行验证,我们使用在线软件MEME (http//meme-suite.org/)和Plant CARE预测了包含鉴定区域在内的466nt序列的基序及其可能存在的顺式作用元件。结果表明,保守基序及其相关元件均存在转录水平达到最高或者增强的区域内。【结论】因此,我们的结果对构建载体时多克隆位点的选取可提供参考价值。【创新性】据我们所知,这是首次对CGMMV CP 亚基因组启动子的鉴定。

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Cite this article:   
LIU Mei, LIU Li-ming, WU Hui-jie, KANG Bao-shan, GU Qin-sheng. 2020. Mapping subgenomic promoter of coat protein gene of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(1): 153-163.


Evaluation of soil flame disinfestation (SFD) for controlling weeds, nematodes and fungi 

土壤火焰消毒技术防治杂草、线虫和真菌的效果评价

 WANG Xiao-ning, CAO Ao-cheng, YAN Dong-dong, WANG Qian, HUANG Bin, ZHU Jia-hong, WANG Qiu-xia, LI Yuan, OUYANG Can-bin, GUO Mei-xia, WANG Qian【目的】土壤火焰消毒是通过土壤火焰消毒机来处理土壤,从而达到杀虫、杀菌、除草效果的土壤物理消毒方法。火焰消毒技术不仅可以用于防控温室作物病害,还可以应用于大田作物病害的防治中。基于这个特性,火焰消毒具有较大的应用潜力,但对火焰消毒技术防控杂草及土传病害的效果鲜有报道。本论文旨在探究土壤火焰消毒技术对杂草和土传病害的防治效果。【方法】本实验使用的是第二代火焰消毒机(3SHGL-21),通过三次田间试验(北京昌平、北京通州)评价火焰消毒对杂草、线虫和真菌等土传病害的防治效果,以及对土壤理化性质 (含水量、容重、硝态氮、铵态氮、电导率和有机质) 、作物产量的影响。【结果】经过火焰消毒技术处理后,土壤中杂草、线虫及真菌的数量显著降低。与对照组相比,对杂草的抑制率可达87.8%,对土壤根结线虫杀虫率可达到98.1%,对镰刀菌和疫霉属的抑制率分别为68.1%和73.4%。作物产量测定可得,火焰消毒处理能显著提高作物的株高和产量。对样品理化性质进行分析,火焰消毒处理后土壤中NO3--N和NH4+-N的含量显著增加,土壤电导率也增加。与对照组相比,火焰消毒处理后土壤水分、容重和有机质明显降低。【结论】土壤火焰消毒是一种潜在的控制温室或田间杂草和病害的土壤消毒技术,土壤火焰消毒的技术的成熟使土壤物理消毒方式有望取代农药化学消毒。【创新性】土壤火焰消毒是一种新型的、非化学的、安全的及对环境友好的土壤消毒方法。本论文所使用的第二代土壤火焰消毒机是一种新型的火焰消毒机械,本文首次研究了土壤火焰消毒技术以及该机械对杂草、土壤线虫和真菌的防治效果,并测定了对土壤理化性质的影响。

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Cite this article:   
WANG Xiao-ning, CAO Ao-cheng, YAN Dong-dong, WANG Qian, HUANG Bin, ZHU Jia-hong, WANG Qiu-xia, LI Yuan, OUYANG Can-bin, GUO Mei-xia, WANG Qian. 2020. Evaluation of soil flame disinfestation (SFD) for controlling weeds, nematodes and fungi. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(1): 164-172.












Herbicidal activity of Aureobasidium pullulans PA-2 on weeds and optimization of its solid-state fermentation conditions

出芽短梗霉菌PA-2的除草活性及固态发酵条件优化

 GUO Qing-yun, CHENG Liang, ZHU Hai-xia, LI Wei, WEI You-hai, CHEN Hong-yu, GUO Liang-zhi, WENG Hua, WANG Jian

【目的】从青海省平安县发病杨树叶片上分离得到菌株PA-2,研究其发酵滤液对五种杂草的除草活性以及该菌株固态发酵条件优化。【方法】根据菌落的培养特征和ITS基因序列分析方法,确定其分类地位;采用离体叶片接种法和活体盆栽喷施的方法,测定其对五种杂草的除草活性;采用活体盆栽喷施的方法,明确其对五种主栽作物的安全性;采用单因素碳氮源试验,确定其培养的最佳碳氮源;采用六种农业副产品分别与最佳碳氮源培养基混合培养的方法,以产孢量为指标,筛选出最佳固态发酵培养基。【结果】通过分子鉴定结合形态学观察,鉴定确定其为短梗霉属出芽短梗霉菌Aureobasidium pullulans。其菌体及发酵滤液猪殃殃、藜、冬葵、酸模叶蓼及禾本科野燕麦有较好的除草活性。离体叶片接种表明,5天后,所有杂草叶片均被菌丝侵染,最终变褐腐烂。活体盆栽试验表明,喷施发酵滤液5天后,杂草植株呈现枯萎和坏死;7天后,对五种杂草鲜重防效分别达到87.25%、78.46%、82.25%、62.11%和80.27%;其中猪殃殃和冬葵植株鲜重显著下降。在作物安全性试验中,其发酵滤液对小麦、蚕豆、青稞植株株高没有影响,对油菜、豌豆植株有轻微病斑但对株高没有影响。在培养基碳氮源以及固态发酵基质优化试验中,菌株PA-2在最佳碳源葡萄糖(C4)、氮源大豆粉(N2)产孢量最高;最佳基质上,麦麸最有利于菌落生长和产孢。【结论】本研究结果为利用A. puluans PA-2开发杂草生物防治除草剂提供了基础数据。

创新性:化学除草剂单一品种长期使用使抗药性生物型杂草增加,多年生难除杂草危害水平上升,杂草防治难度增大等问题的出现,微生物除草剂的研究、开发及利用留下广阔的空间。本文从杨树发病叶片上分离获得PA-2微生物菌株,发现其发酵滤液对五种青海常见杂草(4个阔叶杂草和1个禾本科杂草)具有不同程度的抑制活性,同时对青海五种主要农作物具有不同的安全性。进一步对该菌株的碳氮源和固态发酵基质进行了研究,明确了该菌株的最佳碳氮源和农副产品基质,为该菌株以后的大批量发酵培养和将其开发成为微生物源除草剂提供了参考数据

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Cite this article:   
GUO Qing-yun, CHENG Liang, ZHU Hai-xia, LI Wei, WEI You-hai, CHEN Hong-yu, GUO Liang-zhi, WENG Hua, WANG Jian. 2020. Herbicidal activity of Aureobasidium pullulans PA-2 on weeds and optimization of its solid-state fermentation conditions. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(1): 173-182.


Identification and characterization of a TLR13 gene homologue from Laodelphax striatellus involved in the immune response induced by rice stripe virus

灰飞虱TLR13基因的鉴定及其在水稻条纹病毒诱导免疫应答中的作用研究

 ZHOU Xue, HU Jia, FU Mei-li, JIN Ping, ZHANG Yun-ye, XIANG Ying, LI Yao, MA Fei

Toll样受体(Toll-like receptor, TLRs)是一类重要的模式识别受体家族,通过激活先天性免疫系统Toll通路来应答病原对宿主的入侵。TLR13是Toll家族受体之一,由细菌RNA大核糖体亚基中的未甲基化基序激活。然而,在水稻条纹病毒(RSV)诱导的灰飞虱免疫应答中,灰飞虱TLR13基因同源物(LsToll-13)发挥的作用鲜有报道。本研究利用RACE-PCR技术克隆LsToll-13并对其特征进行了分析。系统发育分析结果表明LsToll-13与其他6种昆虫的TLR13关系较近。实时定量PCR检测结果显示,水稻条纹病毒感染的灰飞虱体内LsToll-13表达量显著低于健康的灰飞虱。当细菌感染带毒灰飞虱6 h后,LsToll-13的表达被显著激活时,核糖核蛋白(RNP)表达量表明灰飞虱体内的RSV量被显著抑制。RNA干扰(RNA interference, RNAi)技术沉默LsToll-13的表达导致灰飞虱体内水稻条纹病毒RNP表达水平显著升高。灰飞虱体内水稻条纹病毒量积累暗示着LsToll-13可能在灰飞虱抵抗水稻条纹病毒侵染中起作用。综上所述,我们研究表明LsToll-13可能参与了灰飞虱对水稻条纹病毒感染的免疫应答,为进一步阐明复杂的病原-宿主互作分子机制和病虫害综合治理方法提供了新的思路。

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Cite this article:   
ZHOU Xue, HU Jia, FU Mei-li, JIN Ping, ZHANG Yun-ye, XIANG Ying, LI Yao, MA Fei. 2020. Identification and characterization of a TLR13 gene homologue from Laodelphax striatellus involved in the immune response induced by rice stripe virus. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(1): 183-192.



Exploiting push-pull strategy to combat the tea green leafhopper based on volatiles of Lavandula angustifolia and Flemingia macrophylla

基于薰衣草和大叶千斤拔挥发性信息物质而推-拉式诱杀茶小绿叶蝉

 HAN Shan-jie, WANG Meng-xin, WANG Yan-su, WANG Yun-gang, CUI Lin, HAN Bao-yu从大叶千斤拔Flemingia  macrophylla 植株挥发物中鉴定了13个组分,经行为测定证实其中8个组分显著地吸引茶小绿叶蝉Empoasca  flavescens。依据测出的这8组分相对含量,以正己烷为溶剂配制了下列3种引诱剂用于田间诱杀试验:1)将顺-3-己烯-1-醇、乙酸顺-3-己烯酯、罗勒烯、水杨酸甲酯、丁酸顺-3-己烯酯、十二烷、十六烷和壬醛分别按照10、10、1、11、2、6、2和4 mg mL-1剂量组成八组分引诱剂;2)将十六烷、乙酸顺-3-己烯酯、顺-3-己烯-1-醇和壬醛分别按照2、10、10和4 mg mL-1 组成四组分引诱剂#1;3)将十六烷、乙酸顺-3-己烯酯、顺-3-己烯-1-醇和水杨酸甲酯分别按2、10、10和11 mg mL-1 配成四组分引诱剂#2。从茶园杂草薰衣草气味中筛选了百里香酚和2-异丙基-4-甲基茴香醚,分别用其10 mg mL-1剂量或二者1:1混合物制成单组分或两组分驱避剂,皆可显著地驱避茶小绿叶蝉。在茶小绿叶蝉高峰期进行田间生物测定:分别将每种引诱剂诱芯附于芽绿粘板上,板挂于竹签上,竹签插入茶行中,使板的下边缘略高于茶梢,诱杀叶蝉;同时将驱避剂芯固定于茶丛内而驱赶叶蝉。结果表明:八组分引诱剂诱捕的叶蝉数相当于四组分引诱剂#1诱捕的叶蝉数即每天每诱捕器53–79头,显著大于附着正己烷诱芯的芽绿粘板;分别绑于茶从内的3种驱避剂芯驱赶叶蝉,导致叶蝉被捕于挂在茶从上方的未携带诱芯的芽绿粘板上,每天每板诱捕51–73头叶蝉,而且两组分驱避剂比单组分驱避剂更有效;当两组分驱避剂分别与3种引诱剂组合而推—拉式诱杀茶小绿叶蝉时,每日每诱捕器可诱杀叶蝉62–92头,并且推—拉式诱杀试验区的防治效果从第1天的43%增至第5天的73%。这种推—拉式诱杀策略具有控制茶小绿叶蝉的巨大潜能。↑ 向上滑动查看更多


Cite this article:   
HAN Shan-jie, WANG Meng-xin, WANG Yan-su, WANG Yun-gang, CUI Lin, HAN Bao-yu. 2020. Exploiting push-pull strategy to combat the tea green leafhopper based on volatiles of Lavandula angustifolia and Flemingia macrophylla. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(1): 193-203.



Effects of Paranosema locustae (Microsporidia) on the development and morphological phase transformation of Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) through modulation of the neurotransmitter taurine

蝗虫微孢子通过调控飞蝗体内神经递质牛磺酸含量影响发育和型变

 LI Ao-mei, YIN Yue, ZHANG Yu-xin, ZHANG Liu, ZHANG Kai-qi, SHEN Jie, TAN Shu-qian, SHI Wang-peng神经递质对维持飞蝗型变具有重要作用,本文利用生化分析方法探究昆虫病原微生物蝗虫微孢子对飞蝗神经递质牛磺酸含量的影响。与健康飞蝗相比,感病蝗虫体内牛磺酸含量显著降低,但F/C值(蝗虫后足长度与头宽的比例)显著增加。同时,感病飞蝗补充2 μg牛磺酸后,其F/C值与健康飞蝗相比没有显著差异,该结果说明补充牛磺酸能抑制由微孢子引起的飞蝗型变。微孢子也能引起飞蝗发育历期延长和体重减轻,但是感病飞蝗补充牛磺酸后,这些变化没有受到影响。以上结果为揭示蝗虫微孢子影响寄主飞蝗的机制提供了新思路。↑ 向上滑动查看更多


Cite this article:   
LI Ao-mei, YIN Yue, ZHANG Yu-xin, ZHANG Liu, ZHANG Kai-qi, SHEN Jie, TAN Shu-qian, SHI Wang-peng. 2020. Effects of Paranosema locustae (Microsporidia) on the development and morphological phase transformation of Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) through modulation of the neurotransmitter taurine. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(1): 204-210.


Animal Science • Veterinary Medicine


The toxicological effect of dietary excess of saccharicterpenin, the extract of camellia seed meal, in piglets

饲粮中添加过量的糖萜素对仔猪的毒性作用

✺ WANG Man, YU Bing, HE Jun, YU Jie, LUO Yu-heng, LUO Jun-qiu, MAO Xiang-bin, CHEN Dai-wen 近年来,从油茶籽粕中提取出来的糖萜素在畜牧生产中广泛运用。本试验主要探讨饲粮中添加高剂量糖萜素是否会对仔猪产生负面影响。实验选取150头平均体重为7.35±0.29 kg健康的杜长大三元杂交仔猪,随机分为5个处理,分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0、500、1000、2500、5000mg/kg糖萜素,试验期为70 d。结果发现,在试验70 d,饲粮添加500 mg/kg糖萜素显著提高了肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶酶活(P<0.05),添加1000 mg/kg糖萜素显著提高了肝脏谷胱甘肽S-转移酶酶酶活(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加2500 mg/kg糖萜素显著降低仔猪试验期1–35 d的日增重和日采食,并影响了仔猪试验35 d心脏和肝脏形态,显著降低了仔猪试验70 d血液中的白细胞、血糖和尿素的含量,显著降低了过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶酶活(P<0.05)。除此之外,饲粮中添加更高剂量糖萜素(5000 mg/kg)还会显著影响仔猪试验期36-70 d的日增重、日采食和腹泻率,降低仔猪试验70 d血液中血红蛋白含量和过氧化氢酶活性,提高仔猪试验35 d的胰脏脏器指数和试验70 d的肝脏脏器指数(P<0.05)。综合以上实验结果,饲粮中添加500 mg/kg 糖萜素对仔猪的健康有益,但饲粮中添加过量的糖萜素会导致仔猪生长迟缓、血液异常和脏器受损。
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Cite this article:   
WANG Man, YU Bing, HE Jun, YU Jie, LUO Yu-heng, LUO Jun-qiu, MAO Xiang-bin, CHEN Dai-wen. 2020. The toxicological effect of dietary excess of saccharicterpenin, the extract of camellia seed meal, in piglets. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(1): 211-224.



MicroRNA-22 inhibits proliferation and promotes differentiation of satellite cells in porcine skeletal muscle

MicroRNA-22抑制猪骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖、促进其分化

✺ Hong Quyen Dang, XU Gu-li, HOU Lian-jie, XU Jian, HONG Guang-liang, Chingyuan Hu, WANG Chong

MicroRNAs是一类微小的非编码RNA,通过抑制目的mRNA的翻译或降解mRNA,负调控转录后基因表达。骨骼肌生长发育过程受到许多miRNA的调控。前人研究表明,miR-22在骨骼肌不同发育时期表达量具有显著差异,与其他组织相比,miR-22在肌肉组织中表达量极高。本课题组前期研究发现在猪骨骼肌卫星细胞(PSCs)中过表达Notch1,会严重抑制miR-22的表达,Notch1能够显著促进PSCs的增殖,至今为止关于miR-22在猪骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖分化中的作用尚未见报道。为了明确miR-22在PSCs成肌分化中的作用,我们首先分析了miR-22在PSCs增殖、分化不同阶段表达谱,并在PSCs中分别过表达和干扰miR-22,用免疫荧光、增殖和分化的相关标志基因、蛋白表达变化确认miR-22对成肌分化的功能。结果表明miR-22在增殖和分化的PSCs中均有表达,且在分化过程中显著上调(P<0.05)。过表达miR-22后,Edu染色表明,细胞增殖显著降低(P<0.05),相关周期蛋白D1(CCND1)、细胞周期蛋白B1(CCNB1)表达极显著下调 (P<0.01),周期蛋白抑制因子(P21)表达极显著上调(P<0.01);干扰miR-22后,与过表达结果相反:Edu+细胞数增加 (P<0.05),周期蛋白基因CCND1,CCNB1表达极显著上调(P<0.01) ,而P21表达显著下调(P<0.05),表明miR-22能抑制PSCs的增殖。在PSCs分化期过表达miR-22,MyHC免疫荧光染色表明MyHC阳性细胞数目显著增强(P<0.05),分化相关标志基因MyoG、MyHC表达量升高(P<0.05);干扰miR-22后,得到与过表达相反的结果:MyHC阳性细胞数目显著减少(P<0.05),MyoG和MyHC表达量显著降低(P<0.05),表明miR-22能够显著促进PSCs分化。研究结果表明miR-22能抑制PSCs的增殖、促进其分化。本论文首次报导miR-22在猪骨骼肌卫星细胞中的作用,为未来深入研究miR-22对猪骨骼肌的生长发育功能及其调控机制奠定了基础。↑ 向上滑动查看更多


Cite this article:   
Hong Quyen Dang, XU Gu-li, HOU Lian-jie, XU Jian, HONG Guang-liang, Chingyuan Hu, WANG Chong. 2020. MicroRNA-22 inhibits proliferation and promotes differentiation of satellite cells in porcine skeletal muscle. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(1): 225-233.


Agro-Ecosystem & Environment


Effects of reduced nitrogen and suitable soil moisture on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rhizosphere soil microbiological, biochemical properties and yield in the Huanghuai Plain, China 

减氮适墒条件下对黄淮冬小麦土壤微生物、生化特性和产量的影响

✺ ZHOU Su-mei, ZHANG Man, ZHANG Ke-ke, YANG Xi-wen, HE De-xian, YIN Jun, WANG Chen-yang

土壤管理措施会影响根际微生物和土壤酶活性,反之,这些改变又有会影响土壤理化性状。本研究连续两年(2014-2015和2015-2016)在大田条件下采用裂区试验设置了3个土壤湿度:W1,不灌溉(水分亏缺)、W2, 适度灌溉(拔节后土壤含水量70±5%)、W3, 充分灌溉(拔节后土壤含水量80±5%);3个氮肥处理:N1, 不施氮肥、N2,减施氮肥至195 kg ha-1、N3,足量施氮至270 kg ha-1,进行不同的水氮处理组合,旨是探讨潮土区不同灌溉条件下氮肥水平(减氮处理)对小麦根际土壤微生物和酶活性的影响,及其与土壤肥力和产量的关系。结果表明:灌水和施氮显著提高了根际微生物的数量和土塘酶活性。土壤生化性状在不同氮肥水平下表不同,细菌、蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶和磷酸酶在N2条件下的最高,而放线菌、真菌和脲酶在N3条件下最高。而且这些指标均又在适度灌溉(W2)下表现最好,尤其是微生物(细菌、放线菌和真菌)总量在连续两年度W2处理比W3处理分别提高5.37×107和6.35×107 CFU g-1。微生物相关参数随小麦的生长进程而波动,但不同灌溉和施肥效应差异明显。W2N2处理组合籽粒产量最高,2014-2015年和2015-2016年分别达到13 309.2 kg ha-1和12 885.7 kg ha-1。相关分析表明根际微生物和土壤酶活性与小麦产量呈显著正相关,是评价土壤质量的有效指标。由此可见,W2N2处理组合显著改善了土壤微生物的性状,有利于土壤肥力和小麦产量的提高。土壤管理措施会影响根际微生物和土壤酶活性,反之,这些改变又有会影响土壤理化性状。本研究连续两年(2014-2015和2015-2016)在大田条件下采用裂区试验设置了3个土壤湿度:W1,不灌溉(水分亏缺)、W2, 适度灌溉(拔节后土壤含水量70±5%)、W3, 充分灌溉(拔节后土壤含水量80±5%);3个氮肥处理:N1, 不施氮肥、N2,减施氮肥至195 kg ha-1、N3,足量施氮至270 kg ha-1,进行不同的水氮处理组合,旨是探讨潮土区不同灌溉条件下氮肥水平(减氮处理)对小麦根际土壤微生物和酶活性的影响,及其与土壤肥力和产量的关系。结果表明:灌水和施氮显著提高了根际微生物的数量和土塘酶活性。土壤生化性状在不同氮肥水平下表不同,细菌、蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶和磷酸酶在N2条件下的最高,而放线菌、真菌和脲酶在N3条件下最高。而且这些指标均又在适度灌溉(W2)下表现最好,尤其是微生物(细菌、放线菌和真菌)总量在连续两年度W2处理比W3处理分别提高5.37×107和6.35×107 CFU g-1。微生物相关参数随小麦的生长进程而波动,但不同灌溉和施肥效应差异明显。W2N2处理组合籽粒产量最高,2014-2015年和2015-2016年分别达到13 309.2 kg ha-1和12 885.7 kg ha-1。相关分析表明根际微生物和土壤酶活性与小麦产量呈显著正相关,是评价土壤质量的有效指标。由此可见,W2N2处理组合显著改善了土壤微生物的性状,有利于土壤肥力和小麦产量的提高。

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Cite this article:   
ZHOU Su-mei, ZHANG Man, ZHANG Ke-ke, YANG Xi-wen, HE De-xian, YIN Jun, WANG Chen-yang. 2020. Effects of reduced nitrogen and suitable soil moisture on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rhizosphere soil microbiological, biochemical properties and yield in the Huanghuai Plain, China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(1): 234-250.



Silicon impacts on soil microflora under Ralstonia Solanacearum inoculation

硅处理对青枯菌接种下土壤微生物群落的影响

✺ LIN Wei-peng, JIANG Ni-hao, PENG Li, FAN Xue-ying, GAO Yang, WANG Guo-ping, CAI Kun-zheng硅(Si)可以显著提高植物对青枯雷尔氏菌引起的青枯病的抵抗力并增强植物免疫应答。然而,Si能否通过改变土壤微生物群落组成和多样性,从而降低土传病害的危害尚不清楚。在本研究中,我们通过高通量焦磷酸测序技术,研究了在青枯菌接种条件下,施Si对土壤细菌和真菌微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,尽管Si处理能显著增强青枯病的抗性,但并不减少根际土壤青枯菌的数量。主成分分析表明,Si处理能显著影响土壤微生物群落组成。无论是否种植番茄植物,总共63.7%的细菌操作分类单位(OTU)和43.8%的真菌OUT均受Si的显著影响,表明Si对土壤微生物群落影响具有独立效应。研究还表明,Si处理显著降低土壤中镰刀菌属(Fusarium),假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和Faecalibacterium的丰度。我们的研究揭示了外源Si添加可显著影响部分土壤微生物组成与丰度,这将为施Si增强植物对土传病害的抗性提供一种新的机制。↑ 向上滑动查看更多


Cite this article:   
LIN Wei-peng, JIANG Ni-hao, PENG Li, FAN Xue-ying, GAO Yang, WANG Guo-ping, CAI Kun-zheng. 2020. Silicon impacts on soil microflora under RalstoniaSolanacearum inoculation. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(1): 251-264.



Straw layer burial to alleviate salt stress in silty loam soils: Impacts of straw forms

秸秆隔层缓解粉砂壤土盐碱胁迫:秸秆形态的影响

✺ ZHANG Hong-yuan, LU Chuang, PANG Huan-cheng, LIU Na, ZHANG Xiao-li, LI Yu-yi

在地下埋设秸秆隔层可以阻断水盐上移通道,从而抑制盐分表聚,但由于大田试验不可控因素较多,目前尚缺乏对于不同物理形态秸秆建立的隔层对土壤水盐运移影响的研究。本研究采用室内土柱模拟实验方法,设置以不埋设秸秆隔层为对照(CK),在40-45 cm处分别铺设压实后厚度均为5 cm 的段状秸秆(SL,长度为5 cm)、秸秆颗粒(SK)、秸秆粉末(SF)三种形态秸秆的隔层共4个处理。不同形态秸秆的隔层处理湿润锋到达土柱底部总消耗时间均高于对照处理,SL、SK和SF处理耗时分别较CK提高了71.20-134.3 h,其中SF处理在各个阶段湿润锋运移速度均最慢,而SK处理受颗粒秸秆吸水影响湿润锋通过秸秆隔层耗时高于SL处理,但湿润锋通过隔层后至土柱底部耗时小于SL处理。与CK处理相比,入渗结束后SL、SK与SF处理0-40 cm土层平均体积含水率分别提高了6.45%、1.77%与5.39%,0-40 cm和0-100 cm土层脱盐率分别提高了5.85%和3.76%、6.64%和1.47%、5.97%和4.82%,但0-40 cm土层不同形态秸秆隔层处理间脱盐率差异不显著。从0-40 cm土层的盐分淋洗效率(SLE)来看,SL处理(0.0097 g·mm-1·h-1)较SF处理(0.0071 g·mm-1·h-1)显著提高了37.23%。在40-45 cm秸秆隔层处SL、SK与SF各处理盐贮量分别占1 m土体总盐贮量的4.50%、16.92%与7.43%。与CK处理相比,SL与SF处理累积潜水蒸发量分别降低了41.20%和49.00%,从而SL与SF处理0-40 cm土层返盐率分别较CK处理显著降低了36.06%、47.15%。综合来看,在高灌溉水平(446 mm)下,不同形态秸秆构建的隔层处理均能起到促进土体脱盐的效果,尤其是SL与SF处理在促进1 m土体脱盐及抑制土壤返盐方面优于SK处理,但是由于SL处理成本低且盐分淋洗效率较高,因此优选段状5 cm秸秆作为最佳物理形态秸秆隔层在大田进行应用。

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Cite this article:   
ZHANG Hong-yuan, LU Chuang, PANG Huan-cheng, LIU Na, ZHANG Xiao-li, LI Yu-yi. 2020. Straw layer burial to alleviate salt stress in silty loam soils: Impacts of straw forms. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(1): 265-276.



Soil temperature estimation at different depths, using remotely-sensed data

不同深度土壤日平均温度遥感估算

✺ HUANG Ran, HUANG Jian-xi, ZHANG Chao, MA Hong-yuan, ZHUO Wen, CHEN Ying-yi, ZHU De-hai, Qingling WU, Lamin R. MANSARAY

不同深度的土壤温度是精准农业和生态模型的重要农业气象因素之一。本文利用中国东北地区农业气象站点实测的0, 5, 10, 20和40 cm土壤温度(ST)与MODIS陆地表面温度(LST)、太阳赤纬(Ds)和归一化植被指数(NDVI)分别建立一元线性回归模型和多元线性回归模型。结果显示,当使用白天LST作为变量时,决定系数(R2)随着土壤深度的加深而逐渐降低;使用夜间LST为变量时,土壤深度为5,10和15 cm的土壤温度估算模型的R2相对高于在0,20和40 cm深度处模型的R2。根据均方根误差(RMSEs)和R2可发现,土壤温度估算模型中的多元线性回归模型优于一元线性回归模型。上层土壤是作物生长和微生物活动较为活跃的区域,本研究结果证明了MODIS数据与Ds结合估算上层土壤温度的潜力。据我们所知,本研究是使用LST,NDVI和Ds在土壤剖面上层不同深度土壤温度估算的第一次尝试,对土壤遥感有重要意义。

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Cite this article:   
HUANG Ran, HUANG Jian-xi, ZHANG Chao, MA Hong-yuan, ZHUO Wen, CHEN Ying-yi, ZHU De-hai, Qingling WU, Lamin R. MANSARAY. 2020. Soil temperature estimation at different depths, using remotely-sensed data. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(1): 277-290.

Letter 


Moving beyond the opposition of diverse knowledge systems for food security and nutrition✺ Nathanaël PINGAULT, Patrick CARON, Alicia KOLMANS, Stefanie LEMKE, Carol KALAFATIC, Sabine ZIKELI, Ann WATERS-BAYER, Carolin CALLENIUS, QIN Yong-junFood Security and Nutrition (FSN) is influenced by diverse and complex factors, and therefore requires a holistic approach to agriculture and food systems plus integration of knowledge from diverse sources in science and society. Using the results of a colloquium held at the University of Hohenheim (Germany) in September 2016 leading up to the recent High Level Panel of Experts (HLPE) Note on Critical and Emerging Issues for Food Security and Nutrition, this article underlines the role of research and innovation as a social and political process and draws attention to neglected types of knowledge. It illustrates the potential of knowledge co-production and co-innovation to transform food systems in order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.↑ 向上滑动查看更多


Cite this article:   
Nathanaël PINGAULT, Patrick CARON, Alicia KOLMANS, Stefanie LEMKE, Carol KALAFATIC, Sabine ZIKELI, Ann WATERS-BAYER, Carolin CALLENIUS, QIN Yong-jun. 2020. Moving beyond the opposition of diverse knowledge systems for food security and nutrition. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(1): 291-293.







Journal of Integrative Agriculture (《农业科学学报》,JIA), 创刊于2002年,农业综合性英文学术期刊。由中国农业科学院与中国农学会联合主办,农业信息研究所承办。中国农业科学院副院长、中国工程院院士万建民任主编。在Elsevier-SD平台全OA出版,专注刊登作物学、园艺、植物保护、动物科学、动物医学、资源环境、食品科学、农业经济与管理等国际农业科学前沿热点领域的综述、研究论文、简报以及评述等。 

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