学术视界｜失败学习与商业模式创新关系：知识管理与环境动态性的影响（附下载）

张永云，郭鹏利等数字经济与商业模式 2023-03-28

收录于合集

失败学习与商业模式创新关系：知识管理与环境动态性的影响

张永云^1,2，郭鹏利¹，张生太²

（1.太原科技大学经济与管理学院，山西太原030024；

2.北京邮电大学经济管理学院，北京100876）

摘要：近年来，商业模式创新成为创业失败企业再发展的战略工具之一，商业模式创新路径研究广受关注，但鲜有研究涉及失败学习对商业模式创新的路径研究。基于经验学习理论和资源依赖理论，本文从知识管理和环境动态性视角，探讨了失败学习对商业模式创新的影响及其内在作用机制。基于215份企业调查数据，采用分层回归、Bootstrap等方法开展实证研究，结果表明：失败学习对商业模式创新有显著正向影响；知识管理3个维度都中介了失败学习与商业模式创新间的关系；环境动态性在知识获取与商业模式创新以及知识创造与商业模式创新的关系中均未起到调节作用；环境动态性不仅正向调节知识整合与商业模式创新间的关系，而且对知识整合在失败学习与商业模式创新关系间的中介作用具有显著的调节作用。研究结论进一步丰富了商业模式创新路径的研究成果，为企业商业模式创新实践提供了参考。

关键词：商业模式创新；失败学习；知识管理；环境动态性

主要研究结论：本文提出两个研究问题，即知识管理在失败学习和商业模式创新间是否发挥了作用？环境动态性是否在“失败学习-知识管理-商业模式创新”中起到了调节效应？根据西安、天津、太原、郑州等地高新企业调查结果进行实证分析，重点研究知识管理在失败学习与商业模式创新关系间的作用，以及在高环境动态性和低环境动态性下知识管理对商业模式创新的影响是否存在差异。具体研究结论如下：

第一，失败学习显著促进商业模式创新，知识管理在失败学习与商业模式创新的关系中起到了部分中介作用。可能的解释为：首先，商业模式创新离不开知识的积累，而失败学习获得的异质性知识成为企业独特的知识来源，增加知识获取广度，使打破认知局限；其次，将失败学习获得的零散的知识碎片进行简单的堆砌并不能成为企业核心资源优势，较难引发创新，只有通过知识的深度整合和吸收，新旧知识充分有机融合，实现知识优化，才能产生新知识促进商业模式创新；最后，失败学习获得的新知提高了企业对商业模式创新机会的敏感度，更能激发知识创造，突破原有商业模式定势格局，进而有效促进商业模式创新。

第二，环境动态性在知识整合与商业模式创新间起到了调节作用，并且环境动态性在“失败学习-知识整合-商业模式创新”这一影响中存在有调节的中介效应。即相较于低环境动态性，在高环境动态性的调节作用下，知识整合对商业模式创新的影响更大，同时，失败学习通过知识整合对商业模式创新的影响也更大。可能的解释为，当环境动态性高时，企业迅速形成适应环境的知识整合体系，及时了解外部市场信息，掌握新技术，开展知识整合活动，促进商业模式创新。且高环境动态性下，企业更加重视失败学习获得的异质性知识资源，进而及时开展知识整合活动，应对环境变化，快速做出商业模式调整，实现商业模式创新。

The relationship between failure learning and business model innovation:The impact of knowledge management and environmental dynamics

Zhang Yongyun^1,2, Guo Pengli¹, Zhang Shengtai²

(1. School of Economics and Management, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China;

2. School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Post and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China)

Abstract:In the era of Internet economy, business model innovation has become one of the strategic tools to promote industrial upgrading and realize enterprise redevelopment. The research on the path of business model innovation has attracted wide attention, but there are few studies on the path of failure learning to business model innovation. This study aims to establish a relationship model between failure learning, knowledge management, environmental dynamics and business model innovation, and empirically test the model by collecting data through questionnaires. Based on the empirical learning theory and resource dependence theory, from the perspective of knowledge management and environmental dynamics, this paper discusses the impact of failure learning on business model innovation, the mediating effect of knowledge management and the moderating effect of environmental dynamics.

This study mainly adopts the mature scale of domestic and foreign scholars in variable measurement. The measurement of failure learning is based on the four questions of Yu Xiaoyu and Cai Li on the organizational level of failure learning. The measurement of knowledge management refers to the scales of Islam & Doshi, Jansen & Van den bosch and Shenkar & Li, with a total of 12 items. The measurement of environmental dynamics refers to the three items used in the study of environmental dynamics scale by Jansen and Van den Bosch. The measurement of business model innovation draws on the classic scale of Zott and Amit to measure business model innovation, which has four items. All items were scored by Likert-5. The main survey objects of this research are high-tech enterprises. A total of 215 valid data are collected, and empirical research is carried out by hierarchical regression and Bootstrap methods.

The study finds that: (1) Failure learning significantly promotes business model innovation, and knowledge management plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between failure learning and business model innovation. Possible explanations are as follows: Firstly, business model innovation is inseparable from the accumulation of knowledge, and the heterogeneous knowledge obtained from failed learning becomes a unique source of knowledge for enterprises, increasing the breadth of knowledge acquisition and enabling enterprises to break through cognitive limitations; Secondly, the simple stacking of scattered knowledge fragments obtained from failure learning cannot become the core resource advantage of enterprises, and it is difficult to trigger innovation. Only through the deep integration and absorption of knowledge, and the full and organic integration of old and new knowledge, we can achieve knowledge optimization and generate new knowledge to promote business model innovation. Finally, the knowledge acquired by failure learning improves the sensitivity of enterprises to business model innovation opportunities, and can stimulate knowledge creation, thus breaking through the original business model pattern and effectively promoting business model innovation. (2) Environmental dynamics plays a moderating role between knowledge integration and business model innovation, and environmental dynamics has a moderating mediating effect in the impact of “failure learning-knowledge integration-business model innovation”. Compared with low environmental dynamics, under the moderating effect of high environmental dynamics, knowledge integration has a greater impact on business model innovation, and failure learning has a greater impact on business model innovation through knowledge integration. The possible explanation is that when the environment is highly dynamic, companies quickly form a knowledge integration system that adapts to the environment, timely understand external market information, master new technologies, carry out knowledge integration activities, and promote business model innovation. Moreover, under the high environmental dynamics, companies pay more attention to the heterogeneous knowledge resources obtained from failed learning, and then carry out knowledge integration activities in a timely manner, respond to environmental changes, quickly make business model adjustments, and achieve business model innovation.

Key words:business model innovation; failure learning; knowledge management; environmental dynamics

引用本文：张永云,郭鹏利,张生太.失败学习与商业模式创新关系：知识管理与环境动态性的影响[J].科研管理,2021,42;313(11):90-98.

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